handwritten books were made,

Since the era of Charlemagne

or their samples written

works of art.

number of surviving European

then only a few have reached us

One of the most skilled calligraphers

antiquities. These are the Egyptian papyri

Century to a kind of destruction:

A handwritten book is a book

Western Europe also formed

the spread of parchment.

mostly in monasteries.

from a printed book, reproduction